One of the fundamental dilemmas of life is trying to distinguish between what are opinions and what are beliefs. What can we really say is absolutely real, or, a fact? What can we know?
Epistemology
The theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion. There are three main examples or conditions of epistemology: truth, belief and justification. … Also, the truth must originate from reliable sources and be based on fidelity to the standard. For example, a lie cannot be truth because it is not factual and false.
For instance, as a human living on the planet Earth I live in a three-dimensional body and world. Therefore, for me to say that, “My left hand is on the end of my left arm” is a justified belief – it’s a valid analysis of a situation which would appear real to other humans. It’s something upon which other humans could agree, and, which could be viewed as a knowledge….or a fact.